- 5 types of mandatory immunizations and delivery schedule
- 1. Hepatitis B immunization
- 3. BCG immunization
- 4. Measles vaccines
- 5. DPT-HB-HB vaccines
- Additional immunizations that need to be given to children
Essential immunizations are immunizations that must be given to children under 1 year of age. In Indonesia, there are 5 types of immunizations that must be given to children. Each type of vaccine needs to be given according to its own schedule in order to provide maximum protection against the disease.
A vaccine is the process of giving a person's body a vaccine that provides immunity against dangerous diseases that can lead to disability or even death
The use of immunizations to prevent the transmission of the disease in children has been shown to be safe and beneficial while preventing it from spreading to other children.
However, children who have been vaccinated against the infection will usually show symptoms that are milder than children who do not get the vaccine.
5 types of mandatory immunizations and delivery schedule
Based on the regulations of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 and No. 12 of 2017 regarding the implementation of immunizations, it is stated that there are 5 types of mandatory immunizations that must be obtained from children.
These five types of immunizations are given according to the age of the child and the schedule set by the government, and are obviously based on the advice of a doctor. There are five types of immunizations:
1. Hepatitis B immunization
Hepatitis B immunization aims to prevent hepatitis B, a liver infection that can cause serious complications, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The type of vaccine used is the hepatitis B vaccine.
This vaccine is given to children 4 times. The first gift immediately after the birth of the child. Not given later or 12 hours after birth. Thereafter, the vaccine is given again at 2, 3, and 4 months of age.
If the baby is born to a mother infected with hepatitis B, the hepatitis B vaccine for newborns should not be given 12 hours after birth. The child also needs to be injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to develop immunity against the hepatitis B virus in a short time.
2. Polio vaccines
Polio is a contagious disease caused by a viral infection that attacks the nervous system in the brain and spinal cord. In severe cases, polio can cause shortness of breath, meningitis, stroke and even death. Well, the goal of getting vaccinated against polio is to prevent children from getting the disease.
In Indonesia, the most commonly used type of polio vaccine is the polio vaccine (oral), but there are also injectable polio vaccines available.
The polio drip vaccine is given 4 times, not later than when a newborn is born or is 1 month old. In addition, the vaccine is given continuously at the age of 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. Meanwhile, the injected polio vaccine is given once, at 4 months of age.
3. BCG immunization
The purpose of this vaccine is to protect the body from the germs that cause tuberculosis or TB. TB is a dangerous infectious disease that can attack the respiratory tract, bones, muscles, skin, lymph nodes, brain, stomach and kidneys.
The BCG vaccine has been added to the list of mandatory immunizations in Indonesia, as there is still a high incidence of TB in Indonesia. The BCG vaccine is given only once and is given to children at 2 or 3 months of age. BCG vaccines are given by injecting into the baby's skin.
4. Measles vaccines
The measles vaccine is given as a precautionary measure against severe measles, which can lead to pneumonia, diarrhea and encephalitis. Measles vaccines are given 3 times, ie when children are 9 months, 18 months and 6 years old.
If the child is vaccinated with MR / MMR at the age of 15 months, then it is not necessary to re-vaccinate against measles at 18 months. This is because the MR or MMR vaccine already contains the measles vaccine.
5. DPT-HB-HB vaccines
The DPT-HB-HB vaccine can provide protection against 6 diseases at once, namely diphtheria, pertussis, whooping cough, convulsions, hepatitis B, pneumonia, and meningitis. ۔
This mandatory immunization is given 2 times a day, 3 months, 4 months with a continuous immunization schedule, and the last dose of administration when the child is 18 months old.
Additional immunizations that need to be given to children
In addition to the five mandatory immunizations, the Indonesian Pediatric Association (IDAI) also encourages parents to give each child additional immunizations, such as:
MR / MMR vaccine to prevent measles, rubella and mumps.
Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) to prevent pneumococcal infections that cause pneumonia, ear infections, and meningitis.
Rotavirus vaccine to protect children from stomach infections that cause diarrhea.
Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccines to reduce the risk of hepatitis A and typhoid fever in children.
Varicella vaccine to prevent infection with the varicella zoster virus that causes chicken pox.
Influenza vaccine to protect against ARI caused by the flu.
As a precaution against cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine (human papilloma virus).
Japanese encephalitis (J e) vaccine, brain and cause inflammation of Japanese encephalitis to prevent virus infection.
You must take your child to health care centers, such as Pozindo, health centers, doctors' offices, and hospitals, to get the necessary immunizations.
Mandatory immunizations can be given free of charge or very cheaply because the government has budgeted for it. Additional vaccinations can be obtained by spending on vaccines and doctor's services.
To get the most out of the protection, all types of immunizations, both mandatory and additional immunizations, should be given to the child according to the recommended schedule. However, if the child becomes ill when the immunization schedule arrives, immunizations may be postponed until the child survives.
